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    Secondary infections

    A secondary infection is an infection that occurs during or after treatment for another infection. It may be caused by the first treatment or by changes in the body or immune system that allow a second infection that is a secondary infection.

    Two examples of a secondary infection are:

    • A vaginal yeast infection after taking antibiotics to treat an infection caused by bacteria
    • Pneumonia caused by bacteria or fungi after having an upper respiratory infection (like a cold) that was caused by a virus
    Open References

    References

    Ison MG, Lee N. Influenza. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 332.

      • Secondary infection

        Secondary infection - illustration

        Secondary infection occurs during or after treatment of a primary infection because the normal bacterial flora is destroyed, allowing yeast to flourish.

        Secondary infection

        illustration

      • Immune system structures

        Immune system structures - illustration

        The immune system protects the body from potentially harmful substances. The inflammatory response (inflammation) is part of innate immunity. It occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat or any other cause.

        Immune system structures

        illustration

        • Secondary infection

          Secondary infection - illustration

          Secondary infection occurs during or after treatment of a primary infection because the normal bacterial flora is destroyed, allowing yeast to flourish.

          Secondary infection

          illustration

        • Immune system structures

          Immune system structures - illustration

          The immune system protects the body from potentially harmful substances. The inflammatory response (inflammation) is part of innate immunity. It occurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat or any other cause.

          Immune system structures

          illustration

        Review Date: 8/5/2025

        Reviewed By: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Roy and Diana Vagelos Professor in Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

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